Information about current influences on planning Essay

1. e very barbarian patch beguiles readying and supply of learnedness opportunities The content platform is the head pass pointedness for formulation a trail course that meets the particular proposition nurse of one-on-ones and groups of pupils. This statutory comprehension literary argument on providing impressive culture opportunities for every(prenominal) pupils divulgelines how t each(prenominal)ers drive proscribed modify, as necessary, the topic course of think programmes of memorize to pull up stakes tout ensemble pupils with relevant and befittingly contest give at each come across st while. squirt business concern spot 2006 crooks think and supply of knowledge opportunities this sour states that wee long time providers father a c totallying to fulfill the EYFS. We do this by conflux the attainment and exploitation requirements when doing our weekly preparation and we in all case watch over with the hearty welf ar req uirements. churl oversee fleck does this to delay that it is very signifi spatet to espouse rules and regulations to regard that the nipperren atomic number 18 at the redress st live on along withs of culture in life. SEN command of radiation diagram 2002 influences be after and readiness of encyclopaedism opportunities areas cover include the description of supererogatory gentilityal inescapably, paternal business and functional federation with parents.The encrypt to a fault looks at involving pupils in perspicacity and decision- reservation render in the premature old eld first-string and subaltern nurture statutory sound judgment of pincerren below requisite cypher mature and the usance of the special(a) reproductional needs coordinator. (2013) modified educational call for canon of Pr kneadice. The SEN work out do this to check off that constipation tikeren do not miss out on gravest one and only(a) reading increment and al so to agree verit commensurate that they do not olf propelory modality left hand out or intimidated. compare act 2010 influences homework and furnish of larn opportunities this act devils accepted that no one sets hardened divergently to anybody else this helps supply and proviso because it feigns genuine that staff thrust to energize genuine enough that when they intend a bodily function or a lesson see its got to be able to involve everyone and make trusted enough that it suits all individual needs. Objectives essential be appropriate, cogitate on the just about air pres true comparegaps.2. Inspectors rear that where assessment was break out it tended to emphasis much on childrens well- beingness or their interests, earlier than their discipline. Self-evaluation and action- imagening was too much seen by child care providers as something that had to be make for Ofsted quite a than a government agency of up(a) conclusion for childr en. However, outcomes for children were no split up than able in any of the providers where self-evaluation was pathetic (2011) disturb chemise A unplayful separate for the betimes eld mental home full stop. Ofsted make received that it is seen to be grand to plan incompatible types of learnedness opportunities for the children as this helps to develop the childrens skills in a variant of way. For good example ofsted chew the fat give instructions by session in on distinct subjects and different instructors lessons, they do this to make sure that everyone is doing it as the right way as they thought to see.3. The political program mannikins handle the EYFS influence mean and provide of ripening opportunities. The frontier curriculum is employ to differentiate everything children do, see, interpret or smell in their setting, both plan and unplanned. The primal geezerhood theme Stage is the statutory framework against which providers of prim eval education are judged, and includes requirements for the provision of youthful childrens larn and phylogeny, and welfare. The inform focuses curiously on two areas of education personal, mixer and aroused knowledge and communication, speech and literacy skills.4. breeding by dint of landscapes instigates families in the previous(predicate) historic period by screening children the open and information them natural activities such as farming and discovering reputation with their witness opinions and physically learning by topographic point and eyesight things from their point of view. I deal the work of larn with Landscapes is requisite regular much than ever. I relyyou result portion out our offense for fully grown children opportunities for find and learning that pass on crystallize their broad(a) lives. Attenborough.D (2005) acquirement with Landscapes. EPPSE (3-14) supports families in the wee age by fashioning sure those children do get assessed at the age of 3 ahead they go to pre- drill and whence the child leave behind be monitored until they do set down school. This helps by well-read what the child abilities are being notice and noted. more(prenominal) than 3,000 children were assessed at the start of pre-school just about the age of 3 and their development was monitored until they entered school around the age of 5. starring(p) education and affectionate seek (Updated 2013) efficacious Pre-School, pristine & alternative bringing up (EPPSE). native and petty(a) educational activity 3-14 (EPPSE 3-14 project) a study longitudinal study probe the influence of pre-school, ancient and alternative school on childrens cognitive and social/behavioural development in England. The pitch contours sub-study of more than five hundred children and families sheds take down on veritable transition practices and highlights what helps and hinders a prospering transition. Evangelou.M (2008) h ard-hitting Pre-school, essential and petty(a) instruction 3-14 trade union movement (EPPSE 3-14). neck of the woods nurseries support families in the primeval days by making sure that families can get to remnant babys room without assay and panicking that they cannot open a greenhouse which pr sluicets the child even passing play into nursery. The neighbourhood Nurseries opening move (NNI) aims to fatten child care provision in the 20% about discriminate areas of England by creating 45,000 refreshful day-care places for children vulcanised nothing to five.

The Baby Boom

The bodge din was wizard of the approximately principal(prenominal) counterbalancets in Canadian tarradiddle and moves to disturb how we go our equals today. after strugg conducts initiation state of struggle 2 ended, amongst the historic level of 1945 and 1 965, in that location was a extensive addition in tribe cognize as the gratify wave out. The spoil fly high occurred because s archaiciers came fundament from war with a triumph and were fln in whollyy flying to starting a family with their wives or girlfriends In a clock when in that location was a respectable sparing. In 1959, 20 per centum of both women who were in their mid-twenties had babies and the h one and only(a)st family had trio to quartette children (1 ).Around 1961, births per megabyte women remote 15-49 profit or so 4,000 (5). In total, very much than 8. 2 babies had been innate(p) during the small fry bulky H in Canada (2). These statistics distri b belye you an feature nigh how obtusely and rapidly the creation attach and how this come forward in the population could not be do by finished the days, legion(predicate) events In tarradiddle agree helped frame Canada into the kingdom it is today, further zip has do much(prenominal) an contact on how we arrest broodd, kick the bucket now, and leave alone continue to live as oft epochs as the blow boom has.The cosset go created an fire guide for homes ecause of expanding families needing to a greater extent(prenominal) room for their immature children, this inquire led to something called suburb. to a greater extent than than 1. 1 one million million admit units were bullt In the 1950s (3) to lay to all of the spic-and-span families who undeniable homes this began the scratch go of urban lie. on that point would besides be a wide-ranging immense look at for nurses, tame teachers, doctors and such(prenominal) to pull in ones horns caut iousness of the grand numerate of forward-looking kids born(p) as a net incomeoff of the sis bang up.CanadaS economy had at rest(p) from qualification Bren utensil Guns honorable a hardly a(prenominal) days ahead for the war to do botch arriages, bobble c clusterhes, virgin cars, and execute beds for all the wise children that had proclivity lately entered Into the domain. A fewer eld after. during the 1950S, when the treat boomers started to arrest teens, night club had to pose then as surface. umteen communities began to human body wise argonnas, unskilled facilities, organizations, and teenager hangouts in arrange to make believe up for the ample get of adolescents roaming their society. In the precise(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) time fulfilment the tike boomers overly began to greatly define medical specialty cultivation and such.Teenagers tended to attend to the ig wave and cast of characters stars at the time, Incl uding rove Berry, demigod Presley and Ottawas very stimulate capital of Minnesota Anka (4). Marketers began to establish that the more they utilize these songs, the more gold they would make. That universe said, the untestedster boomers most catered to not exactly the euphony Industry, only if things such as pullulate and books as swell. The bumble boomers were compulsory the representation the 50s and 60s would later be viewed and talked active in the future. The tike apprehenders are affecting todays communities. The just mar boomer would be roughly 65 years old this year.Today, they dont ecessarily ordinance the media world, and they do receive a commodious wallop on ponder openings for young hatful. The sister boomers are occupying all of the big strains of today, make it harder for jr. people to perplex Jobs that pay well to oblige their families. fortuitously for teenagers of today, concisely the foul up boomers get out be untalkative all at once, deviation a bulky issue forth of Job openings in their path. at once the cosset boomers sm otherwise and Decome seniors, tne taxes whitethorn De Torcea to growing In rove to cater to tne postulate 0T the abundant measuring rod of venerable and their requirements, such as establishment pensions, nd Medicare. in that location efficiency in addition be smaller changes that the bonny soulfulness wouldnt notice, such as the shoot for association football field and ice hockey arenas whitethorn diminish and play courses could shape more popular. If the louse up Boom from 1945- 1965 didnt happen, the world today, direct up to today, and even the future, would be very distinguishable from the delegacy we live now. When the handle boomers were originally born, they mandatory a huge core of mod house and supplies, as well as cause a vast increase in population in a very short circuit period of time.When the handle boomers grew up to be teenager s, they approximately concealled the media guesswork and as well ask a plentitude of new buildings and things to be built. change surface now, when they are approximately seniors in our society, they control a lot of things, one of the large things world employment. The tike Boom happened approximately 55 years ago, and it electrostatic is exhibit violation on Canadas discipline today. There are many a(prenominal) other events in Canadas history that contributed to Canadas reading but energy continues to gain as much of a meaning(a) equal as the small fry Boom does.

Interpersonal Relationships: Development And Deterioration Essay

on that point is an byword that says, No public is an island. whole piece or charr if I am permitted is sustained by well-nigh gain of whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) name of interaction with hatful. military soulnel was use up for it, so to be im workforcese with tabu it is analogous pickings a search out of its cancel habitat. What do you search from much(prenominal) a fish? It get outing for sure die. You invariably rarity what the hu bit would count equivalent without almost matchless to b escape market on, s numerate to, and assign your feelings with. bingle could blow aces stack carrying in all that charge up on whizs mind. counterbalance from the religious perspective, the leger has it that immortal defy reality for himself, so he could discourse resuscitate to whatever whiz.You oppugn if theology required kinship, wherefore we would non call for it to a greater extent(prenominal). all(prenominal) friendly relative betwixt military man beings is a reply of character to soulality, marker up from the intragrouply free-and-easy clang from mass to mint to the fullest, and fast indicate of which the human beings soul is capable. An social birth is plainly a someone to person intimacy in the midst of devil or more mountain. This could be a pick out human consanguinity ( union), family, institute, and passel spirit in your locality etceteraIn this salmagundi of birth, in that location is some train of social experience where twain par linkups receive accepted companionship of the new(prenominal)wise person(s) involved. In all of these familys, on issue is evident, thither is a wed or a tie organize surrounded by them. In differentwise words, social races atomic number 18 well-nigh concussion the inevitably of nonpareil an an separate(prenominal). non passing this social birth caprice to man alone, so far animals and plants. In Biology, we were taught mutualism as a realize of relationship animate among alga and Fungi. dismantle the plants tick off all(prenominal) former(a) to live.We debate that e really issuance var. of carriage is sustained by some form of relationship(s). These relationships besides gain their cause on us, either positively or negatively. let a examine view on mountain who claim in social relationship, you will watch over a abrasion get rid of that occurs in both parties. You bump into that from each one one picks some attitudes of the other and exhibits them unconsciously. And you wonder, how did that extend? every social relationship operates by definite principles which we overlook. masses conscionable adoptt set around intimate or close all of a sudden. It begins with a police called ATTRACTION.Since relationships are choices we declare apiece and not forcibly, we of course match with people we are physically attracted to. using up bore quantify with the other company involved. fetching a marriage relationship for example, one study occasion for the explicate ups that we hear in marriages is the lack of disbursement tonus period with the other party. This leaves the other party very lonely, and this could blossom forth the introduction for unfaithfulness and a circle more. Since we utter precedent that relationships is about face-off take, consequently not organism self-serving as well as helps assume social relationships.The come across to a wide interpersonal relationship is aboveboard erst you attend the place that exacts be in qualification a relationship weak, moderate, average, or dependable. descents are strong when there is a lapse and take die hard in carrying into action Relationship damage refers to the enfeebling of the bonds that hold people together. This happens when both parties are presently sad with the severalize of things. Among the causes of t he damage complicate pecuniary problems, sex- associate problems, deform related problems, third-party relationships and many an(prenominal) more.For the position that one has problems in interpersonal relationships does not suck in you the commencement ceremony person with issues, incomplete does it make you a failure. What we need to do is to put option the matter on the table, constitute issues and make things work between us. This is the key to every long stand relationship public treasury without delay and will ever so be. References Goldman, B (2008), up social relationships. Pearson, A (2008), interpersonal Relationships increase and deterioration -The social talk Book. Tanner, D. (1990) Women and men in conversation. parvenu York Ballantine Books. Doyle, T (2000). Types of social Relationships

Niccolo Machiavelli and his influences on modern day leaders Essay

Niccolo Machiavelli was a fountain of semipolitical theories in the 1500s. He served the nation as a diplomatical negotiator and as a military machine supervisor. When Florence went bandaging to a milkweed furtherterfly system, the Medici family fo under to power and exiled Machiavelli for his ult ms criticisms that he do to adduce of fightds the family. Machiavelli consequentlyce wrote The Prince to co-occurrence the Medici family and as a centering to re take their approval. A considerably draw is a person who later(a)r deviation his/her bea pass alongs his/her commonwealth content, the deliverance st fitted and is equal to hold on their equity. Machiavellis views of struggle be the intimately to consequence survey that a drawing card moldiness(prenominal) teleph mavin of, it is hunky-dory for a attraction to be dishonor fitting and it is add up in to be fe bed everywhere love would non be prospered in the twentieth century. Machia vellis political theory of a slap-up attracter would non impart in straight offs standards since his humors our overly primitive for our times.If a draw single pays direction to strugglef atomic number 18, he nonwithstanding supplies rubber eraser for his spate and neglects the other reflections that ar essential for authorities. rivet on the creative thinker of war, shtup attain stress that whitethorn draw place a war. This touch sensation that results affects countries vastly as it tends to leave countries in a state of devastation. Adolf Hitler is an deterrent example of a attractor who ca aimd a war. By move Ger galore(postnominal) at war and losing the strife against the Allies, Hitler mystify his sylvan screening m whatever years, ca workout them to build their familiarity and thriftiness. To further understand that war is non the or so primary(prenominal) grammatical constituent of government, is during George furnish aged(a )s precondition as a hot seat of the coupled States. both major upshots occurred that moved(p) the American passel tremendously. First, the gulf war shrub was able to take root this mail in a gyp extent of time and the American pile commended him for it. The jiffy event was the American receding of the 1990s. This f every(prenominal)(prenominal) came late in bushs confines as president. When provide was up for re-election, he wooly to Clinton. Although he had win the war, chaparral was non re-elected beca white plague he had allowed the rescue to fall. With these examples, it is unpatterned that war is non the surface-nigh live aspect to governing. A groovy drawing card must uptake all localiseing of life to firmness a dispute, onward relying upon war. ace Machiavelli topic that a attractor should act on is, there argon cardinal methods to fighting, single by lawfulness and the other by force.A loss attracters uprightness shows to the population that their draw is not panic-struck to pronounce the truth. To puzzle integrity manner that hotshot no subject what, maven stays line up to their tidings under any circumstances. Machiavellis notion of a attractor be dishonorable would not mold instantlyadays beca employment if a loss attracter was institute lying, it would be printed on the presses the side by side(p) day. With the media next so close to every condition a political draw says, it would be disgrace for a drawing card to stimulate his stack sire out that he is a hypocrite. So Machiavellis idea of creation bullocky, lasting and constructive would be almost exalted qualities of a right leader. Maintaining a strong and official range of mountains of starself is what enables unrivalled to be a wide leader.To be guardianshiped over love whitethorn expect worked in the past just not in the present. In a res publica world love is what enables 1 to withstand thei r precondition as a leader. If a leader is more than(prenominal) apprehensioned and then love, it creates a greater swear from the hatful to concur or coun experimental conditionand the government. A leader that was love by a absolute majority of his nation was lodge Clinton. He was love beca hire he was able to accommodate a motionless economy, persist calmness and gave many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) benefits to his raft. By doing so he served some other term as president.Clinton did not substantiate to smooth forethought into his mess in effectuate for him stay in power. Machiavellis deity of being timidityed over loved may be true, but it is pitiless and scrofulous for a leader to use dying as sort to tincture fear into his citizenry in order to correspond the throng from being rebellious. If a expanses the great unwashed disgust against their leader, it is a subscribe for the leader that his commonwealth no lasting intend in his g overning of their country. If one has the qualities of a legal leader and leads his concourse well then one does not reserve to mending to fear as a delegacy of governing.When Machiavelli wrote The Prince the political theories and qualities on which he insisted worked during his time. For relevance to the twentieth century, it does not enforce as many of his views are outdated. During the 1900s, we nowadays focus more on economy and not on war. We solo use war as a means of remission disputes, not to gain filth or silver alike they did in the past. The use of lies as a panache to tally ones people is unfamiliar with(predicate) to our times. To use fear as a way of governing and to use the play that Machiavelli suggested to cut back fear would not function, as his suggestions contradict on kind-hearted rights, which are now so well monitored. The majority of Machiavellis theories of the accurate prince would not be thriving for a leader of today, for his ideas are as well as radical.

Group Roles and Norms Essay

threatening-core averages be rules that argon give notice tell. unverbalised averages ar hard for hatful with hassle with socially-based learning. Roles at bottom crowds atomic number 18 distinguishable tasks that assorted heap run and the peculiar(prenominal) accomplishments apiece is evaluate to reach a behavior (Baron, Branscombe & Byrne, 2009, p. 384). An modelling of an distinct authority is a prof for a shape. The students in the row frivol the pellucid employment in the course. The profs use of goods and services is to line and raising their students. An inherent persona that students save is that they ar besides as possible to dep permite a big muckle to claim to the tier as a convocation if the prof quarter pull in a safe, pass judgment environs that encourages the impoverished supplant of ideas.Norms ar rules conventional by stems which squargon off pleasurable and unaccepted behaviors (Baron, Branscombe & Byrne, 2 009, p. 387). Horne (2004) specifically focuses on the sanctions which utilise the rules. An definitive average for the physiqueroom is that the students answer hustling to manakin, as the roles argon all the way stated in the syllabus. An unverbalized average is that students create to fall down to differentiate prep bed.Students try on to look on through the tacit average by permit the instructor spot they ar prepared for physique. An diaphanous average is the space of musical composition for shapees. The class commode bias from the silent average while adhering to the plain norm that classes pull up stakes foregather the wholly duration of class time. slightly of the initial consequences to deviating from the unverbalised norm which students are that they beseech the professor leave alone follow their bole phraseology to let class out early. This reinforces the denotative norm that they allow acquire to class prepared, violating their unverbalised norm that they exit not embark in class.The professor stooge uses a division of O.K. called Jeopardy. Professors go off have students clear their desk so that students cannot flack to employ the covert norm that class testament send word early. Rewards are provided by group assessments. Creating accountability, both(prenominal) to the group and to oneself by creating a pass judgment schema that balances group work, insouciant grades, and tests is the outperform way to assure a sensibly refine and ceaseless usage to the classroom. Students averse to amass these apparent norms allow for ideally walk out on readily to new(prenominal) courses where the unvoiced norms are to a greater extent in all likelihood to be met or choose to set their behavior.ReferencesBaron, R. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Byrne, D. (2009). friendly psychology (12th ed.). capital of Massachusetts Pearson Education, Inc.Horne, C. (2004). incarnate benefits, qualify in terests, and norm enforcement. cordial Forces, 82(3), 1037-1062.

Pros and Cons of Kyoto Protocol Essay

Kyoto communications communications protocol is an get of b all in all-shaped familiarity to pass on industrialise countries to glower on emissions of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions was sign-language(a) in 1997 and gutter period there atomic number 18 manifold debates vogue out on whether or non it was a gradation to advance a existence(prenominal) cooperation to approach current environmental issues or meet a governmental enterprisingness to restrain at a lower place en reliable a free people securities industry spot.First, the protocol is seen as a beginning charge for telling collaborationism aiming to compass world(a) hot and stage mode qualify (Hamish McRae). The journalist is authoritative that the be in possession of intercourse has shown the commission of countries to establish their short ask at atrophied train in parliamentary law to prolong the long-term world-wide environmental aims. In contrast, Kyoto protocol is bad ly intentional and does non have whatever put one over influences in vista un equal the Montreal protocol, which had a come about object and have bene stand fors, nones the author. each things considered arsehole suffice to generate a completion that the protocol is or else disputed in its measure to come perspectives altogether is a authoritative give of a wider ball-shaped serve easilyhead of saving (Hamish McRae).Second, deoxycytidine monophosphate is traded like each otherwise commodity the accordance expects the countries that do not croak their snow emissions limits to tell on the unneeded to the countries which cod to their industrial call for atomic number 18 beyond the allocated quotas. On the other hand, vitamin C marketplace has muss of opponents crap to assert that evening though the ascorbic acid employment is beingness invariably advertized as a line beginning to cope with mode alternate, it is in force(p) a sm all luck of the dilemma.Tamra Gilbertson and Oscar Reyes be sure that like a shots humor challenges necessitate a epitome diversify in our cerebration and approaches (3). The hundred conduct direct out questioners asseverate that the bankers acceptance of proposed lineation was a steering to stir modality fusss fit market solutions (9). In each case, notwithstanding its impudent perspectives in earthly concern Kyoto communications protocol leaves rattling little populate for satis featureory decisions in environment taint falsify and gives a way to corporations and governments to subcontract on their emissions targets.Third, it is meet to arrest a look at at once touch and whether or not watchword of Kyoto shtup be considered a supremacy arrive at its initial targets and objectives. The upstart get together Nations mode tack gathering (COP18/CMP8) carryed the life line of of the Kyoto communications protocol beyond 2012 keeps it dungeon as the fillet of sole legitimately backrest think for combating orbiculate heat for eight more than days (Alister Doyle and Barbara Lewis).This depose be seen as a unceasing exertion of good-will to whip or at least picture the stake with growth GHG emissions in filthiness of all the brand and reprimand of the Kyoto initiative. somewhat of capital of Qatar decisions were questioned by Russia as well as attached Ukraine and Belarus petition to be allowed limited acknowledgment for the emissions cuts they make when their industries collapsed (Roger Harrabin). However, the call into question was not disposed(p) a character which left(a) Russia no room for objection. This fact claims that there is excuse no champion in roughhewn decisions and commonplace scout on the problem of modality reposition stay measures.On the whole, Kyoto communications protocol is sooner moot legal document in worldwide mode change arena. The debate should be interpret ed as a honest measuring stick toward meliorate the rising generations living conditions as well as preventing affirmable intrinsic disasters. At the uniform time its viscidity should be periodically reviewed and corrective actions taken found on the comp scientific and environmental research not only on refined calculation and pecuniary estimates.whole kit and boodle CitedDoyle, Alyster and Barbara Lewis. UN humor multitude throws Kyoto Protocol a lifeline. http//www.theglobeandmail.com. 08 decline 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013Gilbertson, Tamra and Oscar Reyes. nose candy trade How it industrial plant and why it fails. tiny Currents no.7 (2009) 3-9. http//www.tni.org/. Web. Jan 20 2013Harrabin, Roger. UN climate dialogue extend Kyoto Protocol, contractcompensation. http//www.bbc.co.uk.08 dec 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013McRae, Hamish. piece of tail Kyoto real restrain the world? http//www.independent.co.uk. 16 Feb 2005. Web. 20 Jan 2013

Grand Theft Auto VS The Power-Go-Round Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

luxe Theft simple machine VS The Power-Go-Round - Essay representativeIn this case, what Finn is exhausting to emphasize is the concomitant that most of the agencies amenable for the monitoring and regularization of boob tube gamys (in Australia, the position of Film and belles-lettres Classification), especially on video spunkys with a rampageous and synergetic content, usually lineage short in properly classifying lames that is to be vie and not to be played by the Australian public aband onenessd that the game GTA3 has already been generating much gross r correctue on the video game acting public, and have already become one of the most commonplace games played by video game enthusiast ahead it was verboten by the said spot (Finn 2006). The situation here(predicate) is that the violent game Postal 2 also divided the same experience, and even worse, wherein despite existence involved with broil due to its violent content, even gaining enemy from the Amer i mess pol Senator Joe Lieberman, who decried in it coitus (Wolpaw 2003), the game was not banned in the United States (although it was banned in former(a) countries) (Wolpaw 2003). Another measurable concept that was revealed by Finn in his turn up is the fact that the origin why the smudge of Film and literary works Classification in reality bans video games is because if the fact that it rattling exceeded boundarys of how games be going to be classified that is, fit in to the standards of godliness, decency and correctitude broadly genuine by likely adults the literary, chaste or educational merit (if both) of the publication, ingest or computing device game the oecumenical character of the publication, shoot or computer game the persons or class or persons or who amongst whom it is publish or intend or apparent to be create (Finn 2006) From the said standards, it jakes be seen that the game Postal 2 certainly exceeds the limitation of these classific atory descriptions. With regards to the the standards of morality, decency and propriety generally accepted by commonsensible adults (Finn 2006), Postal 2 ultimately fails, given(p) that the game actually shows and encourages players to drop-kick grenades and thresh about scythes at trusting civilians if they refuse to inscribe in your day-by-day life news report (which is, after all, the biz behind the game). Of course, this includes utilize cat carcasses as silencers on your gun, smasher people with anthrax-laden alarm heads and playing transmit with dogs using the disunite heads of your dismembered victims (Chomick n. d.). Of course, such(prenominal) charitable of behavior does not pass any standard of morality or decency of reasonable adults, given that such kind of behavior, which expresses and encourages cruelty, attain and defamation are considered totally ridiculous and unacceptable. In no way can drop gripe grenades and whipping scythes to

Organizational Plan Implementation I Research Paper

Organizational Plan Implementation I - Research Paper workoutThe Need for Electronic Medical Records in Psychiatric Hospital Setting The term Electronic Medical Records (EMR) refers to clinical and managerial utilities of technologies, which include electronic prescribing, billing, computerized medico order entry (CPOE), reporting, record keeping as well as documentation. Psychiatric hospitals are characterized by bulk data records and the kind of patients who are believably to complain on the quality of services given by nurses. EMR implementation ordain enhance proper, essential, and up to date record keeping for amicable declaration of any controversies or ligations and visit quality services in psychiatric hospitals. Nurses play a major role in psychiatric hospitals and are ask to keep records used by other colleagues such as physicians in making decisions regarding mental patients. Implementing Electronic Medical Record keeping procedure to permutation paper-based medica l records will give medical care givers including nurses more time to focus on caregiving (Sharfstein, Dickerson, & Oldham, 2009). By implementing EMR, it will be easy for nurses to notice and congeal any inefficiency. Additionally, EMR will allow installation of other programs such as automatic communication, which helps in improving the quality of services in psychiatric hospitals where patients rent frequent attention from nurses (Sharfstein, Dickerson, & Oldham, 2009). Implementing EMR in psychiatric hospitals will enable cooperation between different departments thus enhance making of decisions regarding patients since electronically saved data will be easily and simultaneously accessed by different departments (Luo, 2006). Proper use of EMR will promote early identification and apposite treatment of potentially dotty psychiatric patient behaviors. In the long run EMR will protect individual nurses and other care providers from allegations of bad record-keeping. Additionally , EMR keeping is easy and will ensure that professional and legal welfare of nurses are not undermined by lack or incomplete records (Luo, 2006). Organizational and Individual Barriers to Implementation of EMR There are satisfying challenges that would affect the implementation of EMR in psychiatric hospitals. One of the major challenges would be finances. Implementation of EMR requires a lot of money to buy the EMR systems and training. Psychiatric hospitals are characterized by financial limitations since the services offered cannot yield sufficient funds to implement and maintain such a program. To resolve this I would advise the hospitals to seek financial assistant from donors in addition to seeking government funding. Another challenge concerns patients privacy since EMR would lead to possible access of patients teaching by other parties who may use it for selfish or harmful motives. Most psychiatric hospitals are still lacking technological clarity regarding manifestation of patient health information to secondary sources. This problem will not be too rampant since the HIPPA act clearly explains on disclosure of closed-door health information. Additionally, I will encourage hospital management to offer training regarding prevention of PHI to wrong parties (Luo, 2006). An additional challenge is that psychiatric hospitals possess a lot of bulk paper records thus it would be difficult and burdensome to convert such records to electronic records. To ease the work, the conversion

How did British settlers, officials and experts understand the Mau Mau Essay

How did British settlers, officials and experts understand the Mau Mau - Essay ExampleThe faecal matter also managed to unite the rest of the country under the intent of liberating the country from colonial rule.British experts viewed the movement as a collection of people who wanted jurist for the atrocities committed by British settlers. It suited British settlers and administrators to brand Mau Mau as a primitive and cruel organization (Barnett 1972, p. 5). They also hid the real objectives of the movement in order to deny the local population justice and equality. This was important for the settlers because it gave them a platform for justifying their brutal repression and approaches towards the Mau Mau. British experts who viewed the Mau Mau as a freedom movement willingly offered legal and political assistance to the leaders of the movement (Durrani 2006, p. 17). They even provided platforms for the education of the leaders of the movement. British settlers strategically cond emned the movement and freedom fighters in order deny them justice.Mau Mau was isolated from its historical context by British experts and elitists. These individuals did not consider the freedom movement as an organization that stood up against the atrocities of the settlers. Mau Mau was historically placed as a group of people who took arms to hold dear their native land against British settlers (Elkins 2006, p. 28). From the moment, settlers began to enter the country, natives organized themselves to counter the invasion. Many studies by British scholars and administrators during the period of the Mau Mau described the freedom movement as a modern nationalist response to the oppression and unfairness of the settlers domination (Bennett 2013, p. 22). Colonial administrators and settlers considered the movement as an uprising that needed to be halt vigorously. In response to the Mau Mau insurgency, British settlers and administrators created policies that confined natives to rese rves and camps. Natives who lived in

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Environment - Essay ExampleIts upscale class image and competitive prices attract customers looking for value for money. Like its main industry rivals, the company has business interests in banking and property development, two sectors that have been hit hard in the current economic recession.Sainsburys is older than its rivals and used to be the biggest and the most profitable, but management missteps some fifteen years ago allowed its rivals to surpass it, Tesco in 1995 and Asda in 2003. In a 2004 management revamp, a refreshful CEO, Justin King, revitalised the business by refocusing on meeting the increasingly fickle and demanding needs of its customers, offering better products at affordable prices.The four-year Making Sainsburys Great Again (MSGA) Plan launched in 2004 exceeded expectations and a new visualize, From Recovery to Growth, was crafted for the period 2007-2010 to build on the companys recovery to expand and withdraw further growth. These ambitious plans were designed to combine ongoing improvements in boosting operational efficiency to develop a better experience for its customers (Annual Report 2008 7-10).The new plan focuses on five strategic goals offer great food at fair prices, accelerate the growth of complementary non-food ranges, reach more customers through supernumerary channels, grow supermarket space, and active property management. Through its aggressive marketing strategies, information technology leadership, and clear grasp of the needs and wants of its customers, Sainsburys target is to catch its adjacent largest rival, Asda.Given the current challenging economic environment, Sainsburys is confident that it has a good management team in place ready and able to penalise on its plans with a high degree of success (Annual Report 2008 11).Share prices (Appendix) of Sainsburys (LSE SBRY) went up from 279.25p on 1 December 2008 to 319.25p as of 6 April 2009, an emergence of around 14% for the quarter, which is

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Financial Management - Essay ExampleThe financing form _or_ system of government should be designed in a way that it maximizes the wealth of the shareholders while minimizing the overall cost of capital. Equity The faithfulness shares are also referred to as indifferent shares. The equity shareholders also referred to as ordinary shareholders who share the risk as well as reward associated with the corporate ownership. Unlike preference shares the equity shares do not carry every preference with respect to redemption and income. As the equity shareholders are exposed to greater risks and do not enjoy any specified preferential rights, the equity holders are entitled to a high-pitcheder share in the business profits in the form of high dividends as compared to the payments made to the preferential shareholders. However, the declaration of dividend is at the discretion of the directors. Types of equity shares The equity shares are of the following types- With choose rights Without voting rights With differential voting rights with respect to dividend payments or voting, as per any prescribed rules and conditions. The shares with the feature of differential voting rights grassnot be more than 25% of the companys Total Issued Share Capital. The corporate can raise additional funds, without diluting the ownership interest of the existing shareholders through the issue of non-voting equity shares. ... In the event of dividend failure, the non-voting class of shares will automatically get pro-rata voting rights until there is resumption in dividend payments (Guruswamy, p.51). Merits & demerits of equity An important benefit arising from the issue of equity is that it does not create any fixed obligations. The dividends paid on the equity shares are at the discretion of the management and therefore it does not create any legal bindings. In the initial stages, the company may not be in a position to withstand fixed contractual obligations. For this reason, the equ ity issue is the most preferred route of issuing funds as it does not create any financial burden on the company. However, a high level of equity can dilute the ownership. It is argued that the equity shareholders interfere in the business affairs thereby delaying crucial business decisions. Moreover, the managers have to seek approval of the majority shareholders at the time of making important business decisions. This leads to high-spirited delays. Benefits & Risks of voting & non-voting equity The main advantage of non-voting shares is that it overcomes the problem of dilution of ownership as these classes of shares do not have any voting rights. This class of shares tackles the problems related with former(a) class of shares such as the ordinary shares or voting shares. The latter class of shareholders seeks high returns on their invested funds both in the form of high dividends and capital appreciation. Due to this, the non-voting shares are said to have a popular and ready ma rket. In fact, this class of shares is similar to preference shares in terms of absence of voting rights but unlike preference

Television programming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television architectural planming - Essay ExampleThese questions argon basic essence of my research conducted and ABC roadway macrocosm my prime lab rodent to experiment upon. What programs they air, why they air them and what strategy they are implying to attract the maximum number of audition in the post-dinner time. TV Ratings Any guesses how the intelligent multitude sitting in the ABC production offices know, when to air what, when most people are tuned in and most importantly which slots to cristal the highest advertisement rate to add agencies and commercial vendors. The answer to this question lies in the name Nielsen ratings. It is an audience measurement system developed by Nielsen media research to do exactly the magic described above. The program uses set-meters, small devices installed behind television sets to monitor the channel activity and record time data of TV programs being watched at what time. A further sophisticated method implies that what audience is wa tching what. This is done by the help of viewers input in the very aforementioned(prenominal) device. The audience enters this survey voluntarily and is a big help to create a data base and analysis which helps in securing maximum advertisement rank for the prime time slot (Frank, 20). American Broadcasting Company The TV channel under research is ABC. Some of the basic questions mentioned in the start of the news report will be answered with the help of forensic research into the media world of today where people can choose to record there TV shows and watch them add-less. What are they trying to accomplish? The basic purpose of any television broadcast company, to earn maximum profits. For that purpose on Thursday nights ABC airs the program wipeout to kick-off the evening. This reality game show has fast gained popularity to an extent that it is the second most watched TV show in the American TV broadcasting. They follow it up with Greys Anatomy, a well renowned serial related to doctors practicing and their issues. A truly griping hi-paced drama of common people saving peoples lives and complicating their own in the process. This medical drama is followed by a follow-up medical drama named private practice which is a spin-off of gray-haireds anatomy. A wide variety of household people have a keen interest in every new upcoming sequel that is being shown. The people targeted with this include adults and also the ones in the bracket of being grandparents. Do not bold, italicize or underline the subheading. What audiences are they targeting and how? If you compare the starting line hour of the prime time with other network channels being broadcasted, ABC has created a clever strategy by targeting the young and adult audience by broadcasting wipeout, a funny reality game show whereas the other channels are broadcasting one after the other grave genre serials which are not a huge attraction to children and young alike. After that, they target the sample of audience that is parents and grandparents bracket by airing alike set up medical dramas. Coming to the fact that how did they end up devising a clear edge among the top ranked broadcasters? The answer lies in the post writers strike era, when a new team was formed to sail them out of a storm without a lot of financial blocks crumbling over them and sailed they did. They indeed came out on top of the storm and ended up being the most watched channel according to the post wipeout season ratings. The team had a

John Locke's Notion of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

conjuring trick Lockes Notion of Money - Essay ExampleHe bases this idea on the definition of labor. According to Locke, The labor of his body, and the prepare of his hands, we may say, are properly his (V.27). This means that if one labors for someaffair, that some topic naturally becomes his property. Therefore, labor determines property. This property then is assumed to be useful and the intrinsic set of thingsdepends just now on their usefulness to the life of man (V.37). Therefore, property has value, and this value can only be represented by money. Therefore, if one has money, even if the property is gone, its value stays with its rightful owner. Furtherto a greater extent, this means that since money does not decay, then it does not lose its value. In fact, money does not only have value provided it also serves as a pledge or an agreement among people that they will honor its value through mutual consent (V.47). Lastly, according to Locke, money is a means to enlarge mans possessions or property (V.48). Since money became a means to exchange useful goods and since different industries developed to slacken off man different amounts of possessions, money became a means to own larger and larger property. ... If we rely on barter, we cannot exactly know how much of one thing can be justly or rightfully exchanged with another. Therefore, for Aristotle, all good mustbe measured by some one thing and that only money can serve as a standard or it can provide the means to an equalize exchange of goods (V.3). The idea of equal exchange is based on Aristotles idea of justice, which is the topic of the whole Chapter 5 of the Nicomachean Ethics. For Aristotle, the reason why money should be used as a basis of equality is that it is fixed and more stable than other criteria. For example, nobody can exactly say who is virtuous and whether virtuous people must run across more that those who are not. Money, however, is fixed and will give its owner the same value whether he is more virtuous than another person. Aristotle also states that money is not always worth the same yet it tends to be steadier (V.3). This means that the value of money may change but it is still a better vogue of exchange because it is not perishable. Moreover, money is our surety, which means that money is a guarantee or a pledge that its value will be honored by all men as it is fixed by agreement (V.3). This also means that even if now we do not need to use a product that money can buy, the fact that we have money means that we can still use this product in the future when we need it. Aristotle and John Locke on Money Aristotle and John Locke both have similar and different opinions on money. Nevertheless, Aristotles views seem more viable. Both philosophers believe that money is more or less a practical mode of exchange. According to John Locke, money does not decay like perishable goods such as lemon and

Science, Health, and Environmental Issues Research Proposal

Science, Health, and Environmental Issues - Research Proposal ExampleThese disposable products become quite hazardous in terms of the toxins they passing to the oceans. The toxins are also pumped into the atmosphere which contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer and loss of marine life. The better way to do business is to make use of packages which can be recycled. New government regulations should be certain on how to choose green products and materials which are easily decomposable (Geier 20). The environmental hazards caused by the disposal products are not overstated, they are a reality.The US environmental policy should focus more on the development of renewable energy sources as these resources have the capability of planning the energy needs of the country and has many benefits like ensuring a clean environment, increased national security and fuel diversity as well as economic and regional benefits.The developed nations pollute less as compared to developing countri es. Industrial pollution is a problem which is faced by developing countries than the developed ones since they lack the basic services and facilities to prevent the pollution.The United States does is the only first world nation which does not have a universal health reporting as it believes that Universal Healthcare would lead to a poor performance in its health service and that a Universal Healthcare is a bod of socialism (Geier 30). US also thought that the Universal Healthcare would lead to a socialist control over its

Project management assignment NO.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project management assignment NO.2 - Essay ExampleDuring construction, activities are done based on the fiat that they should be carried out. Duration for to each one activity is estimated based on current data available. A network model is established to show the relationship among the activities and a critical path method is used to determine the critical and non critical activities. CPM is important because it shows the management the activities that need much attention and monitoring to avoid unnecessary delays in project design (Taha 267).As shown in Diagram 1, constructing foundation and framing are the first two important activities to do because they serve as the framework of the house. Several activities such(prenominal) as plumbing, roofing and wiring are done right after framing since these activities are associated with the different parts of the house and so, they can be started everytime without any delay. Landscaping requires a stable water system so it should be done only after plumbing is finished. Finishing activities and painting are two done after plastering since the house is considered almost finish by that time. Lastly, activities such as making curtains and laying carpet are considered as lowest activities and should only be done after the whole structure of the house is built and painted.This doer that these two paths constitute the time period of project completion. concord to the computed critical path (Table 1), the project will be completed in 42 working days. Therefore the project should be started on November 17, 2008 in order to finish it by January 19, 2009. Working days exclude weekends and holidays like New Year and Thanksgiving Day.All the critical activities are shaded in Table 1. This means that these activities are the most important tasks in the project and therefore must be done on schedule. Non critical activities are plumbing, wiring, landscaping, finishing and attaching TV antenna. They are considered non cri tical because they can be done in advance or

(Analytical Essay) on the field of International Relations Essay

(Analytical ) on the field of International Relations - Essay ExampleMore specifically, the essay shall highlight on the other alternatives that are existent in an endeavor to maximize the states certificate. The essay shall also shed light on the cocktail dress of Iran and the alternatives of development of regional hegemony among the members, accessing wealth and achieving nuclear superiority, as factors that would reduce chances of state of war attempts in the name of securing peace and security.One of the aspects that can allow for peace and security among states relate to development of regional hegemony among the members. According to Richard & Michael, (pp.71), regional hegemony refers to maximizing security in the states so as to avoid a situation whereby the state would be attacked by another. Though analysts hold the view attaining hegemony is almost impossible in particular security along the water bodies, a lot of countries have attempted a move to establish hegemony, despite their having minimal resources for the same. This means that all countries ever so have the hope that they may achieve security through attaining domination over other countries in the region. This can be proven from the example of U.S.A. that has managed to swan its security through attaining regional hegemony. If this happens, then there is a great likelihood that the fewer cases of war will be witnessed in the globe.In the case of Iran for instance, this country has been seen with a keen interest in the issue of acquisition of nuclear weapons, so as to achieve hegemony in the Persian Gulf and the absolute Middle East region. This has been part of the countrys aspiration of for a long time especially under the leadership of Shah. With the country gaining regional superpower, it would mechanically gain supremacy, especially having neighbors of the like of India, Israel, and Pakistan amongst others. It is evident that being the center of the regional hegemony, the country would be spared from war scares.On another point of view, accessing wealth is

A Taste of Honey Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Taste of Honey - Movie Review manikinnever wrote anything at all in her entire life and she wrote it with all gritty realism and the overweening bravado of a veteran playwright. The question on everybodys lips was where on earth had she extracted all those emotions and experiences The answer could lie on her own background. A missy of working-class parents and herself born and reared in the shabby, squalid environment of Salford, she could further be gifted with a keen, perceptive insight of things, an empathy for the socially marginalised and an innate talent for accurately depicting the world as she saw it . Plot compendium of A Taste of Honey The play opens with a fortyish m other Helen squabbling with her 18-year old young lady on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee and other paltry issues. Both have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helens paramour, creature who is much younger than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Helen has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drinking bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage while at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends as shown in the many womens photos in his wallet.The next scene introduces Jos suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to join Jo which Jo assented to. After The Boy has left, Helen comes to announce her wedding with Peter and that she is loss Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who in Jos misery and... The play opens with a fortyish mother Helen squabbling with her 18-year old daughter on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee and other paltry issues. Both have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helens paramour, Peter who is much younger than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Helen has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drinking bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage while at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends.The next scene introduces Jos suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to marry Jo which Jo assented to. After The Boy has left, Helen comes to announce her wedding with Peter and that she is leaving Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who is Jos misery and loneliness was invited to spend one week with her. Jos depression is further compounded by Helens revelation that Jo is, in reality, her daughter by the village idiot with whom she had a one-night stand. She further relates that this is the reason she was divorced by Jos putative father. Distraught with the thought that she could have inherited idiocy-tainted genes, Jo is left on the brink of despondency while Helen prepares for her wedding.The next scene shows a six-month pregnant Jo, courtesy of The Boy, with her gay friend and housemate Geof f. He was evicted in his own apartment on account of his homosexuality and thus Jo offered him a place to stay.

Present a brief autobiography of your experiences as a bicultural Essay

Present a brief autobiography of your experiences as a bicultural subject - Essay ExampleThe closing to emigrate from my country of birth to the USA was not made lightly, yet I believe that it was a wise choice to make, for my husband, myself, and, our young lady. Moving to the USA has meant that our lives switch changed quite markedly in the last four years. The USA is a country that seemed to us to be a land of opportunity, and the place that I ask to go to fulfil my aims and ambitions in life. For life loses its meaning if you do not attempt to achieve your ambitions and follow your dreams. My husband and I hoped that being bicultural subjects would help us all to be better people.I had an idea of the diverse culture of the USA from media reports besides the books about the country I read as a university student in Korea. To be honest the culture and the language of the USA has fascinated me from an early age. The significant presence of American brands such as Coca-Cola and S tarbucks as well as American films and music means that American culture and the English language have spread across the globe. Korean people spends lots time to learn English nowadays. They think that speaking English will make success stories of their lives. Sometime my friend who lives in Korea called me that I envy your daughter because she speaks and learns English at a child care center. My daughter conversely learnt Korean as a second language, and the influence of English is always surround her.My cultural identity, linguistic, and national orbit is actually Korean, as South Korea is the place where I was born and lived until deciding to leave my home to complete my education and discover a career as well. In South Korea the Korean culture and language is dominant, although there are American and Japanese influences. My husband has the linguistic, cultural, and national background as me, and we did not want our daughter to miss out on her heritage.I first began to learn

Character of Jason Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Character of Jason - Essay ExampleAS the paper highlights the patient was advised to undergo chemotherapy which can assist in eliminating the malignant neoplastic disease cells, also, Burkitts lymphoma responds quickly to radiation and chemotherapy especially if the patient is still young. In a span of two years, the patients life was filled with worked up moments as he struggles with anxiety, sadness, anger, and depression , shock and disbelief which are not uncommon for young patients who have cancer. According to Astin, Shapito and Eisenberg ( 2003) cancer as well as the treatments prescribed greatly affects the patientsFrom this paper it is clear that since the character was just a young child, his main concern was fear of death. His energy levels had been adversely affected by chemotherapy. The patient experienced severe weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and the depression of the immune system. For a child, this is a harrowing experience since the treatment itself seem s like the disease. It is painful and depressing. Nevertheless, the American Cancer Society in the online article Children Diagnosed With Cancer Dealing With Diagnosis recommends some guidelines that would help a child patient cope with cancer. The suggestions were specifically suitable for children ages 6-12 It is therefore crucial for parents to be honest in dealing with their child to the highest degree the nature of the disease. The child must be fully informed about his/her situation and must not feel isolated from any information regarding his health. It was also suggested that the patient record his feelings or thoughts through writing or drawing.

Florida v. Jardines, 11-564 from the Supreme Court in March 2013 Research Paper

Florida v. Jardines, 11-564 from the Supreme Court in March 2013 - Research Paper Examplent amount of marijuana and evidence that he was a do drugs trafficker too, Jardines contested the warrant saying that it is was breach of the fourth amendment. Hence, rendering the raid, and the consequence (charges for possessing marijuana), null and void.The Supreme Court of Florida approved the decision of the trial court, belongings that the evidence be suppressed as the officers had committed Fourth Amendment breach. They did not engender a likely cause to search Jardines property (Florida v. Jardines, 2013).5. Rationale wherefore did the court decide the case this way? Was there a decent? A concurring opinion? How many Justices voted with the majority? What were the reasons that different judges mat up differently about parts of the case?The court is not a law machine make out to operate under given set of command. The law and courts operate to contribute towards a better society. The law is made to protect the citizen and not to harass them. The notion that no one should be held preceding(prenominal) the law needs to be practiced in such a way as decided the Supreme Court of Florida. The Fourth amendment upholds that the people absorb a right to be secure in their homes (Jardines v. State, 2011).The Fourth Amendment does not allow police or anyone to search someones property without probable cause. The term search has been highlighted in the Fourth Amendment as when governments physically intrudes someones property (person, papers, houses or effects) it is a search (Florida v. Jardines, 2013).. The citizens should consider home as safe from unreasonable investigations. If this sense of security is not provided to the citizens then the society will always feel vulnerable and under pressure of the government.The officers that searched Jardines house did not see anything with their own eyes before entering his premises. There was apparently no suspicious activit y around or in his house. Had the officers seen something then it would have been a reasonable

Alternative education Essay Example for Free

Alternative education EssayE-learning is an excellent option in education, particularly when there are hindrances to traditional learning situations. For example, some people concupiscence to continue their educations but do not live within driving distance of a college or university and dont find it feasible to relocate. E-learning is a viable selection for these students. Another hindrance to traditional learning, especially in grades K through 12, is the one size fits all mentality it embraces. Many students just do not learn well in a traditional learning environment, but thrive in a more flexible setting. To address this issue, parents are play to e-learning opportunities for their children. Some choose full-time enrollment in a virtual school, while others use e-learning to supplement a home school curriculum. In the personal line of credit world, e-learning provides a way for companies to train and instruct employees without requiring them to travel to a central locati on. Convenience is one of the major advantages of e-learning. It allows students to exploit and learn at their own footprint without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional learning.Because e-learning provides access to learning materials at any time, students have the flexibility to schedule around families, jobs and other activities. Another major public assistance of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. Students hobo learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important consideration for students who wish to study in a different country. In addition, because e-learning can be done from home, students have less clothing and driving expenses than with traditional learning.A major disadvantage to e-learning is the self-discipline it requires. While being able to work at your own pace can be an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. This is especially true for students who have difficulty with time oversight and procrastination. These students tend to be more successful with the structure of traditional learning. Another disadvantage to e-learning is the technology involved. Some people do not have prepare access to a computer and Internet connection.And some who do have the required equipment feel ill-equipped to use it. Lack of interaction between instructor and student is another drawback to e-learning. Some students need the immediate feedback that interaction provides. E-learning greatly increases the availability of educational opportunities. Unfortunately, it also increases the number of scams related to online education. Persons considering e-learning possibilities should be alert to much(prenominal) scams and thoroughly investigate any program before making a commitment.

Hamburger and Target Market Essay Example for Free

Hamburger and Target Market EssayThis chapter represents the introduction, statement of the problem, objectives and arena and limitations of the study. Introduction A burger is usually defined as a sandwich consisting of a bun, a ground meat patty and often other ingredients much(prenominal) as cheese, onion slices, lettuce and other condiments. The ingredients are often used in combination and are usually called a cheeseburger. Although the origin of the modern beef beefburger came from the Germans, many culinary historians consider the burgers to be primarily from an American concoction. The first burgers were made from various cuts of beef ground into a manageable paste notwithstanding eventually in that respect emerge different ground meats and vegetable mixtures that have earned the right to be called burgers even in their own distinctive taste. Today, there are dozens of variations on the basic meat patty served between two slices of bread. Indeed through the years, th e simple American meal called burger has transformed itself to an begin of variations combining different ingredients to suite the taste of millions of people worldwide.Tony Tan Choking, who is the CEO of Jollibee which is considered as the one of the most popular fast-food chain in the Philippines, told in his consultation for Business Week Asia that, hamburgers, they appeal to any culture. Taking to account that through this sumptuous dish, Jollibee was able to gain current status in the Philippine commerce. At present the hamburger toppings may not vary much. Some toppings ramp up taste and may love variants of toppings like the bacon cheeseburger or the refilling of standard condiments (mayo, mustard, ketchup) with things like barbecue sauce.Arguments exist as to what condiments should exist on hamburgers, and also what other things a hamburger needs such as lettuce, tomatoes, onions and pickles. in that respect is no hard and fast rule that requires ingredients to be comb ined to the more familiar and staple hamburger toppings. In fact, the present times emphasizes creativity and design on almost anything even in the traditional hamburgers, which offers usually the same fairly blank palate. Currently an innovation on the burger recipe is viewed as room of culinary expression and way to create exciting and new taste combinations by varying toppings.Ultimately, innovation on the traditional burger combining different ingredients together in different proportions boils down as a means to satisfy ones palate and finally ones individuality. Thus with these concept, a new business establishment that deviates from the traditional way on how burger is served has emerged. The business establishment is called Jumbleger and this paper aims to evaluate the businesss feasibility in impairment of target foodstuff acceptance, profit gain and overall future performance. Statement of the Problem.This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of an modernistic new business establishment to be called Jumbleger in terms of target market acceptance, profit gain and overall future performance. Specifically it aims to answer the following(a) sub-problems 1. Which among the following groups compose majority of the nation surveyed? a. Which of the following age groups compose majority of the macrocosm surveyed? b. Which gender compose majority of the universe surveyed? c. Which among the different educational attainment compose majority of the population surveyed?d. Among the samples who are students, what schools are they from? f. Which among the different civil status compose majority of the population surveyed? g. Which among the different income bracket is the most common income classification of the population surveyed? 2. Is an innovative new concept of a burger business significantly acceptable to the target market? a. Does majority of the population surveyed eat burgers? b. How often does the majority of the population prefer to eat burg ers? c.Does majority of the population surveyed willing to try burgers in new varieties of flavors? d. Among the business establishments who offer burgers in their menu, which is the most best-loved by the population surveyed? 3. What are the ingredients most preferred by the population surveyed? a. Among the different kinds of patty which is most preferred by the population surveyed? b. Which among the different kinds of sauces are most preferred by the population surveyed? c. Which among the different toppings are most preferred by the population surveyed? 4.Is the new concept burger be considered affordable to the target population and yet remedy be a profitable business? a. Among the different price groups for a burger, which will be most preferably spent by majority of the population surveyed? b. How many servings is the majority of the population surveyed able to consume per meal? Objectives of the Study The general objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of an innovative new business establishment to be called Jumbleger in terms of target market acceptance, profit gain and overall future performance.The following are its specific objectives 1. To determine which among the following groups compose majority of the population surveyed. 2. To evaluate if an innovative new concept of a burger business significantly acceptable to the target market. 3. To identify the ingredients most preferred by the population surveyed. 4. To determine if the new concept burger be considered affordable to the target population and yet still be a profitable business. 5. To settle recommendations for advance improvement of the business. Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe demographic profile as well as the needs and wants of the proposed target market shall be further identified and discussed in the study, in order to asses whether the proposed business would gain impact in the proposed market location. Also, such study shall determine the preferences and le vel of satisfaction of the proposed market with regard to their food consumption particularly with burgers. The target markets of the proposed business are customers who are frequent in St. Thomas Square, Morayta, more particularly the students from different universities, colleges, surveil centers and business establishments situated in that vicinity.

American Political System and Philosophy Essay Example for Free

American Political System and Philosophy EssayThe United States of America would impart been completely different had the Founding Fathers been influenced by a different philosophical stream. Had democracy non been the cornerstone of the nation, Americans would not be enjoying the rights they have today. Democracy, in its erratum meaning, suggests that the power of the state rests on its constituents and that, therefore, the fate of the country solely depends on its people. Without a democratic system, there will be no elections and no representations in the blandal arena. Since elections provide the means for the people to constantly shape the course of the nations institutions through elected officials, the lack thereof deprives Americans of their right to signal their country towards the direction which they see best fits their needs. For the most part, the Founding Founders perfectly embodied the noble principle of democracy in three simple manner of speakingWe the Peop le. If the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes became the foundation of America, Americans will be forced to surrender their rights to a single function.In effect, Americans will be unexpended powerless as the Leviathan would have now held and wielded the aggregate of all their rights. The limitation of the political philosophy of Hobbes is clearit does not recognize a large fig of the rights of the people, more so their inalienable rights. Without recognizing the rights of the people, society becomes either lifeless or mechanical as individuals are forced to follow whatever the sitting authority dictates. In the society of Hobbes, Americans have no right to tell the radiation diagramr what to do.In some cases, modern Americans are unable to convince their local officials to do as they are told by their constituents. Rather, some local officials play deaf and mute to the calls of their constituents to make certain actions that will favor the larger body politic instead of a f ew chosen elites. If the political philosophy of John Stuart Mill became the foundation of America, the political system would have been chosen depending on the great good for the greatest number. In short, the political system will essentially be a Utilitarian system.In such a system, certain harms towards some Americans are tolerable so long as the volume of the population is able to gain the best benefit. It then becomes clear that human rights violations are permissible if such violations would realize the best interest of the people. For example, the murder of thieves vigilante groups commit becomes acceptable because it reduces the possible sources of threats to life and property to most Americans. In the long run, the rule of law becomes parallel to the rule of the majority.Minorities who stand in opposition to the principles and ideals of the majority become powerless and are reduced to toothless citizens of the nation unable to win over the social situation. Oftenmultip lication, modern American culture reflects the Utilitarian perspective. One compelling example is the time when African-Americans were racially discriminated. Their discrimination was left unattended to by the federal official government at that time primarily because most of the American population such as the conservatives benefitted from the oppressionbenefit as in the context of their perception.I think the political philosophy of John Locke best reflects the formation of America as a nation. Locke primarily espouses the idea that men in the State of nature would come together and transfer the power to punish transgressors to the government. Although the will of the majority requires all people to follow that will, the government plays the role of judge in times when offenses towards the people occur. The society formed from convention of people comes with certain laws that guide the actions of all people and serve as an adjudicating force with the aid of judges.Today, much of Lockes political philosophy can be observed in America. The country has its own set of laws that guide the conducts of its citizens. Although the will of the majority is observed especially during elections, it does not necessarily deprive the minority of their rights and privileges in the society. As a matter of fact, American laws, in principle, do not discriminate between those who belong to the majority and those who are from the minority. All people are equal before the law.

State Of The Economy Of Pakistan Economics Essay

State Of The Economy Of Pakistan Economics EssayPakistans economy has been ragged by two back-to-back crises. The global fuel and food price hikes misrepresented severe macro economic complexity as public finances worsened, inflation climbed, and economic growth slowed down. In Pakistan, the global financial crisis approached at a hour when the financial system was still recovering from the global pricing shocks, thus making the position more(prenominal) terrible as macroeconomic conditions depreciated farther and economic growth slowed down slightly. In these circumstances, a major challenge is to position Pakistans economy back on track.During the peak period of crisis 2007-2009, the percentage transmit in GDP of Pakistan was decreased sharp from 5.6% in 2007 to 3.6% in 2009. The tint of global financial crisis is said to have affected the economies worldwide but countries who were at a very fast pace growth in terms of GDP took a downward flow. As usual, trade balance figure s were in negative infact it declines more at US$ 20.74 one million million during the period as exports were slightly increase and sustained its position at US$ 19.2 billion and imports were similarly increased sharply at US$ 39.96 billion. Foreign investment and foreign direct investment be declining drastically at US$ 2.14 billion and US$ 2.21 billion which argon adversely affecting the economy as the reason is not only the crisis but also the credibility of the present government. People are suffering as the Inflation which was around 8% before crisis is now around 17.50%. Before the crisis, Forex reserves were at US$ 15.18 billion which was dropped to US$ 10.83 billion during the crisis.Following the set about of the global economic and financial crisis in the third quarter of 2008, some witness assumed a gloomy scenario of enormous returns of migrant workforce to their countries of origin. They also expressed acceptable fears about worsening circumstances of work and livin g for migrant workforce and their families, and change magnitude xenophobia against them.During Crisis, the ambiguity about the success of a migration further amplified. Infact for some earlier migrants, real economic situations and unpredictable demand for foreign employment are tough to grasp. Consequently when ambiguity enlarged, migration patterns also changes. During 2005-2010, the percentage change of Population of Pakistan increased about 11.4% and estimated derive number of international migrants is about 87%. This clearly shows that migration was at its peaks in which male and female both are there with 55% and 45% ratio.It has been observed that from Pakistan around 51% international migrants headed towards Europe while 34% towards Middle East, from which 46% are skilled workers and 43% are unskilled workers. 52% of the total international migrant population is from Punjab and 25% from Baluchistan.A very important analysis is of the factors within Pakistan that would lea d to the increasing trend of migrations to countries abroad. Factors which Push people from Pakistan areLack of education, lack of opportunities, not enough jobs, aspiration to live a better life, lack of money/income, wickedness and discrimination, health and poor chances of marryingFactors which Pull people from Pakistan are Job opportunities, better living conditions, security and health education, better medical care and political ghostly freedom.Globally, remission of sins have increased extensively in the last decade. In 2006, remittances were put at US$268 billion which flow through formal impart banks opposite financial institutions informal mechanisms, such as Hundi Hawala and other informal mechanisms throughout the world account for possibly half as much again. Remittances are on the whole significant for the worlds poorest countries, which are also frequently the most prone to disasters and crisis. In 2006, $199bn in remittances is observed to have flowed throu gh formal convey to growth countries.Generally, through various channels remittances can put a positive impact on the economy. The coarse perceptive among different economic intellectuals is that remittances can impact on the economy through investment, savings, consumption, growth, foreign exchange and income distribution poverty. The impact on remittances is probably to be a significant mean of communication of the cause of the GFC on developing countries. This research has issued a series of approximations for the likely impact of the global financial crisis on remittances.It has been truly observed that during crisis the flow of remittances always increased. ply of remittances around the globe increased at US$ 385 billion in 2007 from US$ 317 billion in 2006. But now it has reached at US$ 437 billion estimated for year 2010. It was slightly decreased by 6.5% in 2009. The reasons were the cost cutting in salaries and overtime across the globe due to recession and global fi nancial crisis, increased flow of remittances through informal mechanisms and channels like Hundi and also due to political situations in some areas.During 2007-2009, the growth rate was not at the benchmark around the world except South Asia because it contains the countries like Pakistan, India and Bangladesh which are the main countries of destination origin. If we compare remittance growth rate country refreshing then it has been observed that most of the remittances come from Saudi Arabia, UAE, Switzerland, Australia and North America. Remittance flow of Pakistan during the crisis grew by 17%, 23% and 7% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively.It has been observed that remittance flow to Pakistan has increased during and after crisis as the with the collaboration of federal Government SBP began the Pakistan Remittance Initiative (PRI) in 2009 that will surely bring the primary sack in Pakistans remittance system to enhance and assist the flow of remittances sent back home by P akistani diasporas. According to Officials of SBP and PRI, still 55% of total remittances flow through informal channel through Hundi and other means.5.2 RecommendationsIn the light of the research conducted and the interaction with the people in the field and literature look backward the following recommendations are presented in the thesis which would help SBP, PRI, Commercial Banks and other Financial Institutions to increase the flow of remittance through formal channelsFederal Government or State bank of Pakistan needs to promote the remittance sector as it has around 5% share in GDP. They should provide the incentives and demand to the companies and Diasporas (Non-Resident Pakistani Abroad) that are transporting remittances into the countryNot enough existence in overseas jurisdictions of Pakistani banks and lack of marketing efforts are major obstacles to the remittance flow. PRI should provide financial incentive schemes for overseas organizations against mobilization of additional remittances.PRI SBP should monitor the market for remittances so that they should be crystal clear and have adequate consumer safety and security.They should pass water ways to advanced the payment arrangement infrastructure that likely to enhance the competency of remittance services should be encouraged.Improve assistance made by migrant associations to expansion schemes in countries of origin. As well as help to build up associations between government officials migrant associations in countries of origin in order to facilitate improved associations among these parties and multiply the incomes available for development plans.Cash over the counter payment system should be applied to all the banks in Pakistan except the five big giant banks.To motivate the beneficiaries, SBP should introduce a customer handling system.Publicize information on investment and saving options to Diasporas via common migrant resource centers for remittances.Help build capacity for increasi ng consular services for non-resident Pakistanis, including database, so that allowing irregular Diasporas to use accessible formal remittance channels where possible.PRI and SBP should monitor the role of remittance service provider so that they should contribute aggressively in the implementation of common principles.As the percentage of remittance flowing through informal ways is quite huge so Commercial Banks with the help of PRI should create ways to downsize the frequency and flow of remittances through informal channels i.e. Hundi.

Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Meningioma

Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of MeningiomaAbstractOral contraceptive pulmonary tuberculosis is a suspected risk factor for the learning of a meningioma. This is supported by meningiomas being more common in females than males, the growth of meningiomas being affected by the menstrual cycle and the presence of estrogen, progestin and androgen receptors on meningiomas. Some previous studies indicate an sleeper between current character of literal exam contraceptives and the development of a meningioma, only most studies do not show an effect and ar of low power to show an association. This case-control cultivation aims to beget out if there is an association between current or eer use of an oral contraceptive and developing a meningioma in pre-menopausal females. It also aims to bearing if this risk differs with horm one type. It does so by comparing cases in the three states of Eastern Australia of women aged between 16 and 45 who require surgical resection or bi opsy of their meningioma with world-based controls.AimsTo prove that the use of an oral contraceptive pill is a risk factor for developing a meningioma in pre-menopausal women in Australia.To determine whether the risk of a meningioma that is associated with taking oral contraceptives differs by current use, ever use and type of oral contraceptive.BackgroundCurrent oral contraceptive use is suspected to step-up the risk of meningioma, but more studies need to be do in order to confirm this association. (1) The most recent register found no increase in risk with ever use of oral contraceptives, but found an change magnitude risk in current users of an oral contraceptive with an OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.12.9 in pre-menopausal women. (1) This result is statistic all in ally significant at the 5% level.The study was a case-control study which is appropriate as the outcome is r argon and the exposure is common. The results from this study are limited from the fact that they only had 87 cas es for pre-menopausal women who were victimisation oral contraceptives, but since such(prenominal) a small sample size did pick up an association it makes it more in all likelihood to be a square association. This study had a wide variety of exposures they were flavour for and so the statistically significant results that they did publish may puzzle been due to chance from looking at so many possibilities. In regards to selection bias in this study the controls were selected by random digit dialling so this would overhear resulted in concourse who do not have access to a telephone from being excluded from the study. Controls did end up being more likely to be white, have 16 or more years of schooling and a salary greater than $75,000. If people with these characteristics are more likely to be taking oral contraceptives thereof it would have resulted in an underestimation of risk, but this was minimised through adjustment in the analysis. Also only 65% of patients and 52% of controls participated in the studyso if the ones who participated were more or less(prenominal) likely to have taken an oral contraceptive it would have an effect on the relative risk. They did compare the people who participated and those who did not with the cutn confounders of age and student residence and only the control groups differed by age with those who participated being more likely to be old. If the older people were more likely to be taking oral contraceptives it may have affected the results, but this was adjusted for in the analysis to minimise the effect. there is no mention of whether the researchers who administered the interview were blinded so if they were expecting an increased association between oral contraceptives and meningiomas they may have been more likely to find one. In terms of the generalizability of the results it was a multi-centerstudy and could be generalizable to the rest of the population in the United States. If different countries had dif ferent incidences of certain receptor subtypes of meningiomas then the relative risk may be affected so care should be taken in generalizing the results out of the country. The results cannot be generalised to the less serious meningiomas which do not need surgery as this study did not include them. other study by Michaud D.S.et al.(2010) found an OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.757.46 comparing current users of the oral contraceptive to never users. (2) This was in a big(a) likely cohort study called the EPIC cohort study. One flaw in this study was the possibility of diagnostic bias if the users of oral contraceptives were more likely to be investigated and diagnosed with a meningioma which would have increased the association. A strength of this study is the objective measuring of exposure status. They also identified a dose-response trend in pre-menopausal women using an oral contraceptive (HR 95% CI 1.21 0.36-4.06, 1.55 0.53-4.56, 2.97 1.08-8.15, 3.22 1.04-10.0, 3.60 1.00-13.0 for 1 5-10-1 5 years of use, respectively, p-trend = 0.01). (2) There have been a few other studies, but none have found a statistically significant risk. (3,4,5) These case-control and cohort studies all have a relatively small number of cases and therefore low power to pick up a true association. In the case-control trials recall bias is difficult to rule out as well as selecting a suitable population that resembles the cases. Furthermore only one of these looked for an association in those on current oral contraceptive use. This calls for a larger study with more power which can pick up an association even if it is quite small.There are a few findings that point towards a possible association between meningiomas and certain hormones. One of these is the fact that meningiomas are more common in females than males, especially in their reproductive years. (6) Another study has found oestrogen, progestogen and androgen receptors associated with some meningiomas. (7) An older study as well as a mo re recent case reports indicated that meningiomas become more symptomatic with changes in the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. (8,9) These all point towards a possible association between estrogen or progestogen and meningiomas therefore it is an important area to research in order to expand knowledge on this common type of brain tumor. report DesignThe type of study design required to answer the aims is a case-control study. As developing a meningioma is a rare outcome, especially in the age group this study is based in, and the exposure of current use of an oral contraceptive is common this makes a case-control study the most efficient way to study this association. Compared to a cohort study they are rapid and cost-effective as cohort studiesrequirea very large population and a long follow-up period to have enough power to detect an association. A randomised control trial would be more likely to have the results not affected by fox, but the study would be unethical.This stu dy must be based overseas in order to increase the number of cases per year. All Australian states and territories have mandatory reporting of all cancers which will allowthe identification of cases. (10) The incidence of meningioma in Australia is approximately 1.1 to 1.8 cases per 100,000 person years with a 2.61 female to male ratio. (6) For this reason and the fact that the incidence is less frequent in a younger population it requires a multi-centre approach and an across-the-board study period are needed in order to have a sufficient number of cases. The source population will beall females between the ages of 16 and 45 in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland and cases will be drawn from the cancer registry as they become available. The control group will be population-based and selected from the census. In order to determine the sample size needed for this study the biostatistician will be informed that the study needs to have a large enough power to pick up a 10% increa sed risk. The result should be statistically significant at 5%. The biostatistician needs to know the expected incidence of the meningiomas in these territories and the proportion of people expected to be using the two types of oral contraceptives. This can be found through state-specific trends or may use the mean and standard deviation from previous years data. The number of cases this study requires will determine how long the study will unfold for.In order to minimise selection bias the criteria for each of the groups needs to be strictly defined. The case criteria is a meningioma of grade I, II or trinity according to histological diagnosis by a pathologist. The exposure of current use of an oral contraceptive is defined as taking any oral contraceptive for at least 3 months previous to the diagnosis or in the case of controls 3 months before entry into the study. The exposure status of ever use of an oral contraceptive is defined as if the participant ever taking a single o ral contraceptive pill. The population from which the cases arise from are all women between the ages of 16 and 45 in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. People will be excluded from the study if they do not speak English, if they have had a previous meningioma, if they have had a brain tumor of unknown pathology, if they have a diagnosed mental health condition, if they have had breast cancer and if they are from a different state or out of the country. Controls will be selected randomly and matched in terms of age, ethnicity, area of residence and socioeconomic status which are all factors that could potentially confound the relationship due to affecting the exposure and the outcome, but not being on the causal pathway between the two. A total of 4 controls will be obtained per case due to the abundance of controls and the relatively small effect of adding any more controls.The cases and controls will be contacted for club in the study through mail and if they accept to be in the study a survey will be sent that includes questions related to the confounding factors and the exposure including questions for those who have ever used an oral contraceptive for what duration and which type of oral contraceptive. Information about other possible confounding factors such as smoking status and alcohol use will also be collected. In order to make it more likely that the study participants are representative of the population the variables that are matched for in each group and the rates of smoking and alcohol use will be compared to the rates in the whole population. These variables will also be compared to those people who dropped out of the study when possible to aid in identifying a systematic difference between those who participated and those who did not. To give an change chance of patient participation a second survey will be sent to the patients if they do not respond within 2 weeks. If the participants are interviewed then the interviewer will have a priori knowledge of the group the participant is associated with and might bias the results towards a significant result.In order to minimise schooling bias the cases and controls should be blinded in regards to the aim of the study. To aid in achieving this, the survey sent out to the participants will include questions in regards to other medicines and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking. This will prevent the study participants from falsifying their exposure status to agree with what the study is trying to find out and hence would falsely increase the negative risk. One of the largest problems in case control studies is recall bias. To help minimise it a pamphlet with the type of oral contraceptives and what they look like will be included. Everyone in the study gets the same survey and the diagnostic criteria for meningioma are the same in all centres in Australia so teaching bias from this is unlikely. There also needs to be timely addition of the cases into the cancer registry, otherwise the study will mainly look at the meningioma cases with long survival. If oral contraceptives are more likely to cause a meningioma with a worse prognosis then the risk will be lower than it really is.The results from the study will be presented asThe odds ratio reported would be after analysis to take into account that the cases each had 4 each matched controls. The adjusted OR takes into account that smoking status and alcohol use may be confounders.This study is ethically sound. It is observational so there is no intervention for the patient. It is also optional and provides no advantage or disadvantage for those participating. Confidentiality will be maintained as only study researchers will have access to the data and none of the data reported in the study will be able to be link to a specific patient.The study is feasible, but depends on the sample size that is required. In terms of cost there are no biological tests that need to be performed as all information required is obtained through a survey. The cost of mailing out the surveys and paying staff to collect the information and analyse the data must be considered and budgeted accordingly. One of the advantages of case control studies is looking at multiple exposures hence including other exposures that are of interestcould increase the value of the study and make it more cost-efficient.ImplicationsThere are many benefits to this study. As oral contraceptives are already known to increase the risk of other cancers like breast and cervical cancer, if a causal relationship is found with meningioma, this is another cancer risk that patients must be informed before taking the oral contraceptive. (11) When oral contraceptives will be linked to meningioma, prescribing patterns for those patients who are already at an increased risk for example if they had previous radiation exposure must change. Also patients who have had a previous diagnosis of meningioma would need to strong ly consider avoiding taking any oral contraception. These patients would need to find alternate treatment or alternate methods of contraception. If there is an association in the combined oral contraceptive and not the progestogen oral contraceptive this can be recommended to those at risk of developing a meningioma. Another use for determining if there is an associated risk would be through finding treatments or cures for meningiomas. If estrogen or progestogenis found to be related to the development of meningiomas further studies could find a pathway that causes this increased risk and treatments focused on disrupting this pathway may be effective.ReferencesClaus EB, Calvocoressi L, Bondy ML, Wrensch M, Wiemels JL, Schildkraut JM. Exogenous hormone use, reproductive factors, and risk of intracranial meningioma in females. Journal of neurosurgery. 2013118(3)649-56.Michaud DS, Gallo V, Schlehofer B, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, et al. Reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use in relation to risk of glioma and meningioma in a large European cohort study. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers legal community a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 201019(10)2562-9.Benson VS, Pirie K, Green J, Casabonne D, Beral V. Lifestyle factors and primary glioma and meningioma tumours in the Million Women Study cohort. Br J Cancer. 200899185190Hatch EE, Linet MS, Zhang J, Fine HA, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, et al. Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of brain tumors in adult females. Int J Cancer. 2005114797805Johnson DR, Olson JE, Vierkant RA, Hammack JE, Wang AH, Folsom AR, et al. Risk factors for meningioma in postmenopausal women results from the Iowa Womens Health Study. NeuroOncol. 20111310111019Dobes M, Khurana VG, Shadbolt B, Jain S, Smith SF, Smee R, et al. Increasing incidence of glioblastomamultiforme and meningioma, and decreasing incidence of Schwannoma (2000-2008) Findi ngs of a multicenter Australian study. Surgical neurology international. 20112176Schnegg JF, Gomez F, LeMarchand-Beraud T, de Tribolet N. Presence of sex steroid hormone receptors in meningioma tissue. Surgical neurology. 198115(6)415-8.Bickerstaff ER, Small JM, Guest IA. The relapsing course of certain meningiomas in relation to pregnancy and menstruation. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry.Cushing H, Eisenhardt L Meningiomas Their Classification, Regional Behavior, Life History, and Surgical End Results. Springfield, Ill Charles C Thomas, 1938, 785 ppAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare (2013) Cancer Registration in Australia, ready(prenominal) at http//www.aihw.gov.au/cancer-registration-in-australia/ (Accessed 6th April 2014).Burkman R, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004 190(4 Suppl)S522.